The High Middle Ages are thought to have begun around The Norman Invasion. One of the most popular Old English epic poems is Beowulf, which follows suit of its relative Germanic literature with its heroic and Christian themes. The “heroic code” places value on kinship, and emphasizes duty and vengeance for one’s lord (Norton). The Anglo–Saxon’s helped further spread Christianity by adapting to it however, Anglo-Saxon poetry contains a thematic “heroic code” which blends with and sometimes contradicts Christian ideals. The earliest written example is found in the writing of Bede and his poem Caedmon’s Hymn. Old English poetry was passed down orally before it was written. The language of theseinvaders is classified as Old English and is widely represented in Anglo-Saxon poetry (UMASS). Anglo-Saxon tribes invaded England around 450 and they had a vast affect on literature. The Early Middle Ages typically signify the begging of the Medieval Era with the fall of Rome and continue until sometime in the 11th century. The Middles Ages can be split up into three periods: the Early Middle Ages, the High Middle Ages, and the Late Middle Ages. While the printing press was invented in the Fifteenth Century, its impact was not fully achieved until the Renaissance. As a result of the presence of chivalry, courtly love gave rise to an increased production and contemplation of romantic prose. The presence of chivalry in Medieval Culture is exemplified in the representation of a just and moral knight facing temptation and conflict in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.
MIDDLE ENGLISH WRITING CODE
Reflected within the texts of the time–the ways in which characters are affected by loyalty, duty, and honor–the chivalric code was both a necessary platform for knighthood and good moral standing. In the Twelfth Century, there arose a strong presence of chivalry in Medieval society which quickly inhabited the literature of the time the chivalric code was a moral code, or rather, a code of conduct bound to duty, honor, and justice. The Church often wielded more power than the often-weak feudal monarchies that characterized medieval society. Christianity was legalized by the Roman Empire during the Fourth Century, and as a result, education as well as laws were overseen by the Church. The Catholic Church created schools with an intensive curriculum founded upon the education of grammar, rhetoric, Latin, astronomy, philosophy and math. On the continent, the development of Medieval literature–stemming from the preservation of culture and heroic adventures within epic poems–is a direct result of Charlemagne’s desire to educate his people in 800, which was only made possible through an emphasis on the teachings of the Catholic Church.
This time period is commonly known as The Middle Ages was commonly regarded by Renaissance thinkers as “The Dark Ages.” One of the first books printed in England, Monte D’Arthur by Sir Thomas Maloryġ485: William Caxton prints first successful book in EnglandĪlthough there is no official consensus regarding the exact beginning and end of the Medieval Period, it is most commonly associated with the collapse of the Roman Empire, around the 5th century, and leading up all the way to the 15th century, which is widely considered (though the exact beginning is disputed) the beginning of the Renaissance Period. King William the Conqueror was in power, died in 1087ġ170: Thomas Becket murdered in Canterbury CathedralĬhaucer, Piers Plowman, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 55BC-410: Latin speaking Romans occupy EnglandĤ50: Romans withdrew from England and Germanic tribes (Angals and Saxons) invadeġ000: Approximate year Beowulf was writtenġ075: Pope Gregory VII declares the supremacy of the church
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